Practice Quiz - First Week (Days 1-7)

  1. All of the following are directly involved with the implantation process except:
    decidual reaction
    progesterone
    epiblast
    invasion
    none of the above
  2. The seven-day blastocyst:
    has a single layer of trophoblast at the embryonic pole
    has an amniotic cavity
    is attached to the endometrial epithelium
    is surrounded by a degenerating zona pellucida
    is called the hypoblast
  3. Which of the following are classified as gonadotropin hormones?
    FSH
    GnRH
    estradiol or estrogen
    progesterone
    all of the above
  4. Haploid nuclei that fuse at fertilization are called:
    homunculi
    mitotic figures
    centrioles
    nucleoli
    pronuclei
  5. The first week of human development is characterized by formation of the:
    inner cell mass
    hypoblast
    trophoblast
    blastocyst
    all of the above
  6. During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle:
    FSH binds to the corpus luteum and stimulates estrogen production
    FSH binds to granulosa cells of the follicle and stimulates estrogen production
    FSH binds to the corpus luteum and stimulate progesterone production
    FSH binds to granulosa cells of the follicle and stimulates progesterone production
    FSH binds to granulosa cells of the follicle and stimulates LH production
  7. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone or GnRH:
    acts on the hypothalamus, causing release of FSH & LH
    is released once a month from the corpus luteum
    acts on anterior pituitary gland, causing release of FSH & LH
    acts on the anterior pituitary causing release of estrogen and progesterone
    is one of those meaningless substances that scientists play with in lieu of working for a living
  8. The LH surge:
    results in ovulation
    triggers resumption of meiosis within the oocyte
    is caused by a positive feedback effect of estrogen
    all of the above
    none of the above
  9. The luteal/progestational/secretory phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by:
    high circulating levels of FSH and LH
    high circulating levels of progesterone
    an extreme variation in length from cycle to cycle
    a thin, non-vascularized endometrium
    none of the above
  10. The second polar body:
    is released upon stimulation of the follicle by FSH
    is released as a result of the LH surge
    is released after fertilization
    is released after pronuclear formation
    is also known as the south pole
  11. The corpus luteum:
    is only functional during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle
    has receptors for progesterone and estrogen
    is rescued from decline by hCG secreted by the implanted embryo
    produces both FSH and LH
    none of the above
  12. During implantation, the blastocyst:
    implants in the endometrium
    usually attaches to endometrial epithelium at its embryonic pole
    usually implants in the posterior wall of the body of the uterus
    causes change in the endometrial tissues
    all of the above are correct
  13. Capacitation of the sperm:
    is caused by the zona pellucida
    occurs in the male
    prevents polyspermy
    is essential for fertilization
    removes the head of the sperm
  14. The most significant factors in sperm transport to the vicinity of the oocyte is:
    sperm flagellum (tail)
    vaginal cilia
    an intact zona pellucida
    smooth muscle contractions
    gravity
  15. The early stages of cleavage are characterized by:
    formation of a hollow ball of cells
    formation of the zona pellucida
    increase in the size of the cells in the zygote
    increase in the number of cells in the zygote
    none of the above
  16. The most common site for implantation in ectopic pregnancy is:
    internal os of the uterus
    mesentery
    ovary
    uterine tube
    other
  17. During the morula stage:
    tight junctions appear between peripheral cells, isolating the inner cells from uterine fluid
    the location of the cells dictates their fate
    the outer cells pump fluid, creating a fluid- filled blastocoele
    attachment to the uterine epithelium has not yet occurred
    all of the above are correct
  18. Capacitation of spermatozoa is an activation process that involves changes in the surface coat and plasma membrane over the ________.
    tail
    body
    neck
    acrosome
    nucleus
  19. Implantation will not take place unless the zona _________ is lost.
    pellucida
    limitans
    orbicularis
    corona
    oophorus
  20. The results of fertilization include the determination of chromosomal sex and initiation of cleavage.
    true
    false
  21. Before a spermatozoan can fertilize an ovum:
    the cell membrane is removed from the spermatozoan head
    the zona pellucida must be shed
    the acrosomal membrane must perforate
    the tailpiece is lost
    the decidua reaction must occur
  22. 022 At fertilization:
    the haploid number of chromosomes is restored
    the chromosomal sex is determined
    cleavage is inhibited
    the inner cell mass becomes recognizable
    the ovum becomes the blastocyst
  23. Which of the following events are directly related to implantation?
    interaction between uterine endometrium and hypoblast
    release of proteolytic enzymes
    loss of the decidua
    acrosome reaction
    capacitation
  24. In ectopic pregnancy:
    the placenta overbridges the internal os of the uterus
    implantation is inside the uterus
    severe bleeding is present during vaginal delivery
    the most common site is the uterine tube
  25. Approximately how many million sperm are there in the average ejaculate of 3.5 cc?
    5
    50
    100
    200
    more than 200
  26. The meeting and union of human sex cells is believed to occur in the:
    upper third of the uterine tube
    middle third of the uterine tube
    lower third of the uterine tube
    uterus
    cervix
  27. 027 Sexuality is established at the time of:
    ovulation
    gametogenesis
    histogenesis
    morphogenesis
    none of the above
  28. Cleavage divisions are always:
    meiotic
    mitotic
    amniotic
    anucleotic
    by binary fission
  29. At which of the following stages of development is division of embryonic material likely to result in normal monozygotic twinning?
    2-cell stage
    morula
    blastocyst
    implanting embryo
    all of the above
  30. Ectopic implantations occur most commonly in the:
    ovary
    abdomen
    uterine tube
    cervix
    posterior wall of the uterus
  31. With the light microscope, the zona pellucida appears as a translucent membrane surrounding the:
    primary oocyte
    zygote
    morula
    very early blastocyst
    all of the above are correct
  32. The fifth day of human development is characterized by embryonic cells of the:
    inner cell mass
    embryonic hypoblast
    epiblast
    primitive streak
    amnion
  33. The _______ is/are part(s) of the 4-day blastocyst:
    syncytiotrophoblast
    blastocyst cavity
    notochord
    somitomeres
  34. It is approximately correct to compute the age of an embryo from the fourteenth day after:
    onset of last menstruation
    last sexual intercourse
    last full moon
    last missed menstrual period
    onset of breast changes
  35. As the conceptus begins to sink into the uterine lining, it is characterized by a central cavity surrounded for the most part by a single layer of cells. At this stage the conceptus is called a __________________.
    zygote
    morula
    blastocyst
    trophoblast
    syncytiotrophoblast
    cytotrophoblast
    blastocoele
    inner cell mass
    blastomere
    embryoblast
    zona pellucida
  36. Why do all mitochondria DNA of the embryo come from the mother?
    Sperm do not contain mitochondria
    Head and tail of sperm degrade upon fertilization
    Cell division process leaves out mitochondria DNA from sperm
    Mitochondrial DNA of sperm is degraded upon entering egg
  37. At the 32-cell stage of division, the embryo is known as a morula that contains inner cell mass and outer cell mass. What do the inner and outer cell masses eventually become?
    Placenta / embryo and fetus
    Embryo and fetus / placenta
    Chorionic membrane / amniotic membrane
    Amniotic membrane / chorionic membrane
  38. Where is the normal location of initial implantation of the embryo?
    Posterior superior wall of uterus
    Anterior posterior wall of uterus
    Lateral superior wall of uterus
    Medial posterior wall of uterus
    Ampulla of uterine tube
  39. What two layers does the trophoblast differentiate into once attached to the uterine lining?
    Zona pellucida / corona radiata
    Cytotrophoblast / syncytiotrophoblast
    Endoderm / ectoderm
    Ectoderm/ mesoderm
    Blastocyst / embryoblast
  40. Implantation of the embryo in the lower uterus can cause what medical condition that may lead to hemorrhage, fetal insufficiency, and even death for both mother and baby due to obstruction of the birth canal?
    Plaenta abortio
    Placenta previa
    Placenta divisum
    Placenta increta