Practice Quiz - Digestive System
  1. Meckel's diverticulum is an adult remnant of the:
    urachus
    hindgut
    pars cystica
    vitelline duct
    dorsal pancreatic duct
  2. Endodermal derivatives of the gut include:
    gallbladder muscle
    liver hepatocytes
    ligament of Treitz
    gastric luminal epithelium
    more than one of the above
  3. The endodermal hepatic diverticulum does NOT give rise to:
    part of the pancreas
    gallbladder
    epithelial part of the liver
    ductus venosus
  4. The following events in the development of the abdominal cavity are greatly affected by the rapid growth of the liver:
    urorectal septum formation
    dorsal mesentery morphogenesis
    formation of inferior recess of lesser sac
    herniation of midgut loop
  5. Factors, major events, or structures associated with midgut development include:
    270 degree rotation
    rapid growth of cranial limb
    vitelline duct
    3rd part of the duodenum
    all of the above are correct
  6. In its development, the stomach does NOT:
    rotate 90 degrees clockwise when viewed from above
    descend
    exhibit differential growth
    cause ventral mesentery development
  7. The embryonic foregut differentiates into all or part of the:
    liver
    ventral pancreas
    esophagus
    lung
    all of the above are correct
  8. The cloacal membrane is derived from:
    ectoderm
    endoderm
    both
    neither
  9. The vermiform appendix arises from:
    endoderm
    mesoderm
    both
    neither
  10. The liver is a derivative of:
    the embryonic foregut
    the embryonic midgut
    both
    neither
  11. The spleen is a derivative of:
    the embryonic foregut
    the embryonic midgut
    both
    neither
  12. The vermiform appendix is a derivative of:
    the embryonic foregut
    the embryonic midgut
    both
    neither
  13. Abnormal intestinal rotation during fetal development may produce the following:
    congenital umbilical hernia
    anular pancreas
    infarction and gangrene
    diaphragmatic hernia
    Meckel's diverticulum or diverticulum ilei
  14. An umbilical fistula is associated with:
    allantoic duct
    vitelline duct
    both
    neither
  15. The round ligament of the liver, or ligamentum teres hepatis, is associated with:
    allantoic duct
    vitelline duct
    both
    neither
  16. Meckel's diverticulum is associated with:
    allantoic duct
    vitelline duct
    both
    neither
  17. All of us has "suffered" which one of the following types of hernia?
    inguinal
    umbilical
    lumbar
    diaphragmatic
    femoral
  18. During the development of the gut:
    the pancreas receives part of its blood supply via the celiac trunk
    the stomach rotates, causing the left vagal trunk to innervate its posterior wall
    the urorectal fold may fail to divide the cloaca, causing a rectouterine fistula in the female
    the transverse colon becomes retroperitoneal
  19. In the digestive system:
    endoderm forms the lining of the stomach and lung and the parenchymal cells of the liver
    gut rotation and fusion of mesentery to the dorsal body wall makes the spleen retroperitoneal
    the duodenum is supplied by both superior and inferior mesenteric artery
    the inferior mesenteric artery is the axis for counterclockwise rotation of the midgut loop
  20. In the digestive system:
    failure of the intestinal loops to return into the abdominal cavity forms Meckel's diverticulum
    an omphalocele would most likely develop around the 10th-12th week of gestation
    stenosis of the gut most frequently occurs in the large intestine
    an annular pancreas is caused by a failure in normal migration of the dorsal pancreas
  21. The developing liver does NOT:
    contain cells derived from mesoderm
    have a hemopoietic function in the fetus
    have a gall bladder derived from the hepatic diverticulum
    have hepatic sinusoids which receive the majority of their blood from the left umbilical vein
  22. Which of the following conditions would most likely cause vomiting in the newborn?
    umbilical fistula
    duodenal stenosis
    rectal atresia
    stenosis of the transverse colon
  23. During development of the gut:
    the stomach rotates, so that the greater curvature faces to the left and inferiorly
    retention of the vitelline duct may produce an umbilical fistula
    the urorectal septum may fail to divide the cloaca, causing a rectovaginal fistula in the female
    the descending colon becomes retroperitoneal
    all of the above are correct
  24. In the development of the gut:
    the celiac trunk represents the blood supply to the midgut
    the early embryo maintains a connection between the midgut and the yolk sac via the allantois
    muscle, connective tissue and blood vessels in the gut wall are derived from splanchnic mesoderm
    the primitive gut tube is in open communication with the amniotic cavity
  25. Gut rotations and subsequent fusion of mesentery to the dorsal body wall causes which of the following to assume a retroperitoneal position?
    gall bladder
    pancreas
    spleen
    jejunum
  26. In the formation of the pancreas:
    a dorsal and ventral bud from the endoderm of the duodenum are the first indications of a pancreas
    the ventral pancreatic bud degenerates
    an annular pancreas forms if a portion of the dorsal bud rotates abnormally
    insulin is not secreted during fetal life
  27. The liver:
    receives blood from the placenta via the umbilical vein which runs in the falciform ligament
    forms as a diverticulum from the foregut endoderm
    contains hemopoietic and connective tissue cells derived from mesoderm of the septum transversum
    contains hepatic sinusoids derived from the vitelline veins
    all of the above are correct
  28. In the development of the midgut:
    the superior mesenteric artery is the axis for clockwise rotation of the midgut loop
    the persistence of part of the vitelline duct leads to urachal fistula
    a vitelline cyst may result from abnormal remodelling of the vitelline veins
    an omphalocele is not synonymous with congenital umbilical hernia
  29. The yolk sac detaches from the gut by the end of the:
    2nd week
    5th week
    3rd month
    4th month
    5th month
  30. A persistence of the vitelline duct may result in:
    ileal diverticulum
    Meckel's diverticulum
    vitelline cyst
    umbilical fistula
    all of the above
  31. During embryological development, the large intestine is:
    last to leave the umbilical cord and re-enter the abdominal cavity
    always longer than the small intestine
    both
    neither
  32. Typical bile, secreted by hepatic cells:
    occurs in fetuses 5 months old
    colors the meconium
    both
    neither
  33. Accessory pancreases:
    are extremely rare
    occur within the wall of the intestine and stomach
    both
    neither
  34. Factors assisting in the rotation of the stomach include:
    rapid expansion of the dorsal mesentery
    slow growth of the ventral mesentery
    both
    neither
  35. The terminal dilated part of the hindgut is called the:
    cloaca
    yolk stalk
    allantois
    cecum
    coelom
  36. Which of the following arteries supply derivatives of the caudal portion of the foregut?
    celiac trunk
    inferior mesenteric artery
    pulmonary artery
    umbilical artery
    common iliac artery
  37. Which of the following statements about the developing duodenum is NOT true?
    it is a derivative of the foregut and the midgut
    the yolk stalk is attached to the apex of the duodenal loop
    it is supplied by branches of the foregut and midgut arteries
    it becomes C-shaped as it develops and the stomach rotates
    its lumen is temporarily obliterated by epithelial cells
  38. The following embryonic structures can give origin to cysts, diverticula, or fistulae in postnatal life EXCEPT:
    vitelline duct
    urachus (allantoic duct)
    ductus venosus (Botalli)
    neural tube
    metanephros
  39. As the stomach acquires its adult shape, it rotates around its longitudinal axis. Which of the following events does not result from this rotation?
    the ventral border of the stomach moves to the right
    the dorsal border moves to the left
    the dorsal mesogastrium is carried to the left
    the duodenum rotates to the right
    the dorsal part of the stomach grows more rapidly
  40. The pectinate line of the anus marks the junction of:
    skin and mucous membrane
    splanchnic and somatic mesoderm
    ectoderm derivatives and endodermal derivatives
    old amniotic cavity and yolk sac
    all of the above are correct
  41. The muscular wall of the esophagus arises from:
    somatic mesoderm
    neural crest
    branchial arch VI
    lining of the yolk sac
  42. Which of the following is NOT associated with esophageal atresia:
    tracheoesophageal fistula
    polyhydramnios
    deviation of the tracheoesophageal septum
    reflux of milk through nose and mouth, which appears toward the end of the first week after birth
  43. The omental apron of the greater omentum:
    communicates with the peritoneal cavity via the epiploic foramen of Winslow
    becomes retroperitoneal in the adult
    has the ascending colon located within its superior boundary
    is a quadruple layer of peritoneum
    is lost during embryonic development
  44. Which of the following statements concerning the development of the duodenum is FALSE?
    the duodenum rotates to the right side of the embryo during development
    most of the duodenum becomes retroperitoneal during development
    the duodenum develops only from the caudal foregut
    there is no lumen within the duodenum at some point in development
    none of the above is false
  45. Which of the following structures is most closely related to the development of the cloaca?
    liver
    stomach
    spleen
    duodenum
    pancreas
    gall bladder
    jejunum
    ileum
    cecum
    appendix
    ascending colon
    transverse colon
    descending colon
    sigmoid colon
    rectum
  46. Which of the following structures is secondarily retroperitoneal AND NOT innervated by the vagus nerve?
    liver
    stomach
    spleen
    duodenum
    pancreas
    gall bladder
    jejunum
    ileum
    cecum
    appendix
    ascending colon
    transverse colon
    descending colon
    sigmoid colon
    rectum
  47. Normal gut rotation brings which structure to lie at McBurney's point?
    liver
    stomach
    spleen
    duodenum
    pancreas
    gall bladder
    jejunum
    ileum
    cecum
    appendix
    ascending colon
    transverse colon
    descending colon
    sigmoid colon
    rectum
  48. Which of the following structures is most closely related to the development of both ventral and dorsal mesentery?
    liver
    stomach
    spleen
    duodenum
    pancreas
    gall bladder
    jejunum
    ileum
    cecum
    appendix
    ascending colon
    transverse colon
    descending colon
    sigmoid colon
    rectum
  49. The allantois is derived from:
    ectoderm
    endoderm
    both
    neither