Practice Quiz - Body Cavities
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Practice Quiz - Body Cavities |
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postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
cells of the inferior mesenteric ganglion
adrenal medullary cells
cells of the enteric plexus
all of the above are correct ectoderm endoderm both neither oral cavity cranial foregut stomodeum pericardial cavity nasal cavity
D. is correct.
The cardiogenic region lies cranial to the prochordal plate and its descendant, the oropharyngeal membrane. The heart tubes form on the endoderm side of intraembryonic coelom in the cardiogenic region. Following the head and lateral body folding, heart and its portion of intraembryonic coelom called pericardial cavity lie in the chest.
cranial region of the foregut embryonic part of the yolk sac caudal region of the hindgut caudal region of the foregut cranial region of the midgut
D. is correct.
The only portion of the ventral mesentery to remain is the part attaching to the caudal foregut. This is essentially the ventral mesogastrium, although it includes an attachment to the first part of the duodenum. This latter part becomes hepatoduodenal ligament. Liver & gall bladder develop in the ventral mesentery.
second third fourth fifth sixth
B. is correct.
During the third week, spaces appear within the embryonic mesoderm laterally. These spaces coalesce to form a horseshoe-shaped cavity at the cranial end of the embryo called the intraembryonic coelom. This coelom is continuous with the extraembryonic coelom laterally. The coelom divides mesoderm into somatic & splanchnic layers.
septum transversum cervical somites thoracic body wall splanchnic mesoderm neural crest
B. is correct.
All skeletal muscle originates from somitic myotomes, and the muscle of the diaphragm is skeletal muscle. The cervical myotome cells enter the developing diaphragm during its descent to its final location. Because nerves always follow muscle regardless of its migration, the phrenic nerves, C3-5, innervate the diaphragm.
The phrenic nerves pass through the
pleuropericardial membranes to reach the
diaphragm. The sole motor nerves to the diaphragm
arise from spinal cord segments at cervical
levels three, four and five. The periphery of the diaphragm is supplied
by sensory branches of the intercostal nerves. Phrenic nerves form during the 8th week as
septum transversum lies at the level of the
cervical somites.
D. is correct.
Phrenic nerves, from C3-5, reach the diaphragm slightly later than 4th week, when septum transversum lies at cervical levels. Phrenic nerves are the sole motor nerves to the diaphragm, but intercostal branches innervate it peripherally. Phrenic nerves pass through the pleuropericardial membranes, later fibrous pericardium.
It is the most common type of diaphragmatic
hernia. Stomach, intestines and part of liver may
herniate into the thoracic cavity. It occurs more often on the left side. The lungs may be compressed and
hypoplastic. all of the above are correct
E. is correct.
Posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia involves failure of closure of the pleuroperitoneal canals. It usually occurs on the left, and parts of stomach, spleen, intestine and liver may pass up into the chest, compressing lungs. Diaphragmatic hernia is a fairly common malformation, and a posterolateral defect is the most common type.
lung buds cardinal veins dorsal aortae phrenic nerves more than one of the above
E. is correct.
Initially, the pleuropericardial folds seem to be pushed out by the common cardinal veins. They contain the phrenic nerves at their bases. The folds merge behind the heart. Lung buds are always behind or below the pleuropericardial folds or membranes. Dorsal aorta is also behind, on the posterior body wall.
ectoderm splanchnic mesoderm endoderm somatic mesoderm more than one of the above
E. is correct.
Mesoderm lines the intraembryonic coelom, and is divided by the coelom into somatic, associated with body wall, and splanchnic, associated with gut, layers. The somatic mesoderm lining becomes the parietal layers of pleura, serous pericardium & peritoneum. Visceral serous membranes come from splanchnic mesoderm.
body wall musculature pleuroperitoneal membranes septum transversum ventral mesentery
D. is correct.
The first three items mentioned are components of the diaphragm. A defect in the pleuroperitoneal membrane can result in a diaphragmatic hernia, in which abdominal contents herniate into the thoracic cavity, usually on the left side. This can interfere with the development of the lung, making it hypoplastic.
descent of the heart expansion of pleural cavities growth of common cardinal veins
ventrocranially expansion of the pericardial cavity more than one of the above
E. is correct.
The pleuropericardial membranes develop from the pleuropericardial folds and contain the phrenic nerves and common cardinal veins. Via descent of the heart and the ventrocranial growth of the common cardinal veins, these membranes are brought into apposition, ultimately forming the fibrous pericardium.
gives rise to pleural, pericardial and
peritoneal cavities has a communication with the amniotic cavity splits the lateral plate mesoderm is continuous with the yolk sac more than one of the above
E. is correct.
The lateral plate mesoderm splits into somatic mesoderm, which lines the body wall, and splanchnic mesoderm, which lines the yolk sac. The area between these layers is the intraembryonic coelom, the progenitor of the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities. In early development, it communicates with chorionic cavity.
hepatoduodenal ligament hepatogastric ligament falciform ligament ligamentum teres hepatis lesser omentum
D. is correct.
The ligamentum teres hepatis is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein. Although it is contained within the ventral mesentery, it is not a derivative of it.
suprarenal gland pancreas descending colon sigmoid colon
D. is correct.
The suprarenal or adrenal glands and kidneys develop retroperitoneally. Four gut structures, the pancreas, duodenum, ascending & descending colon, develop intraperitoneally, but are pushed against the posterior body wall during gut rotation. These four structures fuse there, and are therefore called secondarily retroperitoneal.
hepatogastric ligament splenorenal or lienorenal ligament gastrosplenic or gastrolienal ligament gastrocolic ligament transverse mesocolon
A. is correct.
Splenorenal, gastrosplenic and gastrocolic ligaments are derived from the dorsal mesogastrium, while transverse mesocolon fuses with dorsal mesogastrium. The hepatogastric ligament, on the other hand, is derived from the ventral mesentery.
septum transversum mesenchyme of the costal body walls both neither
C. is correct.
The diaphragm is formed by: septum transversum, forming the central tendon portion; the pleuroperitoneal membranes; mesenchyme from the lateral and dorsal body walls, giving rise to the musculature of the diaphragm; and the esophageal mesentery, which gives rise to the crura of the diaphragm.
mouth cavity stomodeum pericardial cavity pharyngeal cavity pleural cavity
C. is correct.
Remember that early in development, the heart begins to develop beneath the intraembryonic coelom cranial to prochordal plate. The intraembryonic coelom is later subdivided into a single pericardial, paired pleural and a single peritoneal cavities. Folding of the embryo brings heart & pericardial cavity into the chest.
developing heart connecting stalk primitive streak liver septum transversum
E. is correct.
The septum transversum is the diaphragm's earliest progenitor. After folding of the head region brings the heart and its coelom region ventrally, the septum transversum is the structure that lies immediately caudal to it. Liver is not a bad guess, but remember that the diaphragm lies between it and the thorax in the adult.
lungs small intestine larynx esophagus heart
stomach
parietal pleura
visceral pleura
liver
pancreas
ascending colon
transverse colon
I. is correct.
The hepatic diverticulum grows from the caudal foregut into the ventral mesentery and the septum transversum.
lung small intestine larynx esophagus heart stomach parietal pleura visceral pleura liver pancreas ascending colon transverse colon
E. is correct.
The heart tubes develop dorsal to the intraembryonic coelom in the cardiogenic region at the cranial end of the embryo.
lung small intestine larynx esophagus heart stomach parietal pleura visceral pleura liver pancreas ascending colon transverse colon
G. is correct.
The cell layer lining the intraembryonic coelom develops into the serous membranes of the three body cavities: pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. The inner lining of the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm becomes the parietal layer of these serous membranes, while the outer lining of the splanchnic layer of the lateral plate becomes the visceral pleura-pericardium-peritoneum, lining the organs in these body cavities.
