Lecture Notes - Leg & Foot

Osteology:

• Foot
  • Tarsal bones
    
  • Calcaneus
    • Tuberosity - calcaneal tendon
      
    • Sustentaculum tali - flex. hallucis longus passes beneath
  • Talus
    • Navicular
      
    • Cuboid
      
    • Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
  • Metatarsals
    
  • Phalanges - 2 in hallux, 3 in other toes
    
  • Subtalar joint - between talus & calcaneus
    
  • Transverse tarsal joint - talonavicular & calcaneocuboid joints
    
  • Tarsal sinus - beneath neck of talus
    
  • Arches of the foot
    • Medial longitudinal - talus, navicular, cuneiforms, medial 3 metatarsals
      
    • Lateral longitudinal - calcaneus, cuboid, lat. 2 metatarsals
      
    • Transverse - cuneiforms & cuboid

Fascia:

• Crural fascia - thickened at ankle to form retinacula
  • Extensor retinacula - superior & inferior
    
  • Fibular retinacula - superior & inferior
    
  • Flexor retinaculum (in posterior compartment)
• Plantar aponeurosis

Leg - posterior compartment:

• Superficial muscles
  • Triceps surae m. - calcaneal tendon
    • Gastrocnemius m.
      
    • Soleus m.
  • Plantaris m.
• Deep muscles - deep to transverse intermuscular septum
  • Popliteus m.
    
  • Flexor digitorum longus m.
    
  • Tibialis posterior m.
    
  • Flexor hallucis longus m.
• Flexor retinaculum - thickening of crural fascia
• Blood supply
  • Posterior tibial a.
    • Fibular a. - lies deep to flexor hallucis longus
• Nerve
  • Tibial n.

Leg - lateral compartment:

• Muscles
  • Fibularis longus m. - tendon crosses sole of foot
    
  • Fibularis brevis m
• Blood supply
  • Fibular a. - sends branches from posterior compartment
• Nerve
  • Superficial fibular n.

Leg - anterior compartment:

• Muscles
  • Tibialis anterior
    
  • Extensor hallucis longus
    
  • Extensor digitorum longus
    
  • Fibularis tertius
• Blood supply
  • Anterior tibial a.
• Nerve
  • Deep fibular n.

Foot - dorsum:

• Muscles
  • Extensor digitorum brevis
    
  • Extensor hallucis brevis
    
  • (Extensor expansions)
• Blood supply
  • Dorsalis pedis - continuation of ant. tibial below ankle
    • Deep plantar - passes through 1st dorsal interosseous m.
• Nerve
  • Deep fibular n. - cutaneous supply of 1st web space

Foot - plantar:

• Medial (big toe) compartment
  • Abductor hallucis m.
    
  • Flexor hallucis brevis m. - on either side of long flexor tendon
    
  • Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
• Central compartment
  • Flexor digitorum brevis m. - tendons split by long flexor tendons
    
  • Quadratus plantae m. - inserts on long flexor tendons
    
  • Flexor digitorum longus tendons - pass through short fl. tendons
• Lateral compartment
  • Calcaneometatarsal ligament - lat. portion of plantar aponeurosis
    
  • Abductor digiti minimi m.
    
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis m.
• Adductor-interosseous compartment
  • Adductor hallucis m. - oblique & transverse heads
    
  • Interosseous mm. (3 plantar & 4 dorsal)
• Blood supply
  • Medial plantar
    
  • Lateral plantar
    • Plantar arterial arch - anast. w/ deep plantar from dors. pedis
• Nerve
  • Medial plantar n. - med. 3 1/2 toes, med. compartment, fl. dig. br.
    
  • Lateral plantar n. - lat. 1 1/2 toes, lat. & add./inteross. compartment, quad. plantae