Practice Quiz - Stomach, Spleen, Duodenum, & Pancreas
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  1. A patient was diagnosed with bleeding ulcer of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Which artery is most likely involved?
    Gastroduodenal
    Left gastric
    Left gastro-omental (epiploic)
    Right gastro-omental (epiploic)
    Short gastrics
  2. Which is a derivative of the dorsal mesogastrium?
    Falciform ligament
    Hepatoduodenal ligament
    Hepatogastric ligament
    Greater omentum
    Lesser omentum
  3. The spleen:
    Develops in the dorsal mesogastrium
    Develops in the ventral mesogastrium
    Develops in both the dorsal and ventral mesogastria
    Is always retroperitoneal
    Becomes retroperitoneal during its development
  4. During a full workup on a 2-month-old infant with a history of intermittent gastrointestinal pain and vomiting, physicians discovered that the cause was lack of emptying of the stomach. They immediately suspected that the cause was a spasmodic contraction of which of the following parts of the stomach?
    cardiac notch
    fundus
    lesser curvature
    pylorus
    rugae
  5. In order to do a vagotomy (section of vagal nerve trunks) to reduce the secretion of acid by cells of the stomach mucosa in patients with peptic ulcers, one needs to cut the gastric branches and retain vagal innervation to other abdominal organs. Where would a surgeon look for these branches in relation to the stomach?
    along the gastroepiploic vessels
    along the greater curvature
    along the lesser curvature
    in the base of the omental apron
    in the gastrocolic ligament
  6. While performing a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) following an automobile accident, the surgeons were especially attentive to locate and preserve the tail of the pancreas which is closely associated with the spleen. This they found in the:
    gastrocolic ligament
    gastrosplenic ligament
    phrenicocolic ligament
    splenorenal ligament
    transverse mesocolon
  7. Which of the following structures does not lie at least partially in the retroperitoneum?
    adrenal gland
    duodenum
    kidney
    pancreas
    spleen
  8. Which ligament is a derivative of the dorsal mesogastrium?
    Coronary
    Falciform
    Hepatoduodenal
    Hepatogastric
    Gastrocolic
  9. A 60-year-old male executive who had a history of a chronic duodenal ulcer was admitted to the ER exhibiting signs of a severe internal hemorrhage. He was quickly diagnosed with perforation of the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum and erosion of an artery behind it by the gastric expellent. The artery is most likely the:
    Common hepatic
    Gastroduodenal
    Left gastric
    Proper hepatic
    Superior mesenteric
  10. A twenty-year-old woman was broad-sided on the driver side by an SUV and was taken to the hospital emergency room. Examination showed low blood pressure and tenderness on the left mid-axillary line. Also, a large swelling was felt protruding downward and medially below the left costal margin. X-rays revealed that her 9th and 10th ribs were fractured near their angles on the left side. The abdominal organ most likely to be injured by the fracture is:
    Descending colon
    Left kidney
    Pancreas
    Spleen
    Stomach
  11. You are observing an operation to remove the left suprarenal gland. To expose the gland the surgeon mobilizes the descending colon by cutting along its lateral attachment to the body wall and dissecting medialward in the fusion fascia behind it. Suddenly the operative field is filled with blood. The surgeon realizes he has failed to cut a mesenteric attachment between the left colic flexure and another organ. As a result of the traction, the surface of the organ tore. Which organ was injured?
    Duodenum
    Kidney
    Liver
    Spleen
    Suprarenal gland
  12. A patient presented with a swollen spleen, which protruded medially toward the umbilicus in the abdomen. A vertical and downward expansion of the spleen was resisted by the:
    Tail of the pancreas
    Left colic flexure
    Left kidney
    Left renal artery
    Stomach
  13. During emergency surgery, it was found that a chronic gastric ulcer had perforated the posterior wall of the stomach and eroded a large artery running immediately posterior to the stomach. The artery is the:
    Gastroduodenal
    Common hepatic
    Left gastroepiploic
    Splenic
    Superior mesenteric
  14. The spleen contacts all of the following organs EXCEPT:
    Jejunum
    Kidney
    Left colic flexure
    Tail of the pancreas
    Stomach
  15. Which is not a boundary of the epiploic (omental) foramen?
    Aorta
    Caudate lobe of the liver
    First part of the duodenum
    Hepatoduodenal ligament
  16. In order to approach the area posterior to the stomach, a surgeon decided to go through the lesser omentum. Before incising the mesentery she was careful to find and preserve a nerve lying in the upper portion of the hepatogastric ligament, i.e., the
    Celiac branch of the anterior vagal trunk
    Celiac branch of the posterior vagal trunk
    Greater splanchnic branch to the right suprarenal gland
    Hepatic branch of the anterior vagal trunk
    Hepatic branch of the posterior vagal trunk
  17. Which of the following is NOT in contact with the spleen?
    Colon
    Diaphragm
    Duodenum
    Pancreas
    Stomach
  18. The fundus of the stomach receives its arterial supply from the:
    Common hepatic
    Inferior phrenic
    Left gastroepiploic
    Right gastric
    Splenic
  19. During an emergency splenectomy, the surgeon accidentally tore the gastrosplenic ligament and its contents. The artery (ies) likely to be damaged in this event is (are) the:
    Left gastric
    Splenic
    Short gastric
    Middle colic
    Caudal pancreatic
  20. While performing emergency surgery to control hemorrhage brought on by arterial erosion caused by a duodenal ulcer, surgeons ligated the badly damaged gastroduodenal artery near its origin, which affected all of its branches as well. Assuming "average anatomy", in which of the following arteries would blood now flow in retrograde fashion (backwards) from collateral sources?
    Left hepatic
    Right gastroepiploic
    Short gastric
    Left gastric
    Omental branches
  21. Which organ becomes retroperitoneal during rotation of the gut tube?
    Duodenum
    Kidney
    Spleen
    Stomach
    Transverse Colon
  22. A 40 year-old male with a long history of duodenal ulcer problems was brought in for emergency surgery to control severe hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity. The surgeons found that erosion by the ulcer of a vessel passing behind the first part of the duodenum was the source of the hemorrhage. Which of the following vessels passes behind the first part of the duodenum and would need to be clamped off to control the bleeding?
    coronary vein
    gastroduodenal artery
    inferior pancreatoduodenal arcade
    proper hepatic artery
    splenic vein
  23. During a cholecystectomy (removal of the gall bladder), the surgical resident accidentally jabbed a sharp instrument into the area immediately posterior to the epiploic foramen (its posterior boundary). He was horrified to see the surgical field immediately fill with blood, the source which he knew was the:
    aorta
    inferior vena cava
    portal vein
    right renal artery
    superior mesenteric vein
  24. Orally ingested contrast medium opacifies all of the following structures except the:
    colon
    duodenum
    esophagus
    gall bladder
    stomach
  25. To stop hemorrhaging from a ruptured spleen, it was necessary to temporarily ligate the splenic artery near the celiac trunk. The blood supply to which structure is least likely to be affected by the ligation?
    Duodenum
    Greater omentum
    Body of pancreas
    Tail of pancreas
    Stomach
  26. A 50-year-old female patient with severe jaundice was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. You suspect that the tumor is located in which portion of the pancreas?
    Head
    Neck
    Body
    Tail
    Uncinate process
  27. A patient was admitted with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Further examination revealed that the obstruction was caused by the nutcracker-like compression of the bowel between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. The compressed bowel is most likely the:
    Duodenum
    Jejunum
    Ileum
    Ascending colon
    Transverse colon
  28. A medical student was asked to identify a small specimen taken for pathological examination from a surgically removed duodenum. The student noted that the specimen revealed a thin wall and no circular folds. The specimen is from which segment?
    Superior
    Descending
    Horizontal
    Ascending
  29. Upon endoscopic examination of a 65-year-old man who had a history of a chronic duodenal ulcer, it was found that the ulcer had been eroding the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. If erosion perforates the wall, the gastric expellant of high acidity would endanger the structures in its vicinity. Which is least likely to be endangered?
    Common bile duct
    Gastroduodenal artery
    Main pancreatic duct
    Portal vein
  30. A patient was admitted with symptoms of an upper bowel obstruction. Upon CT examination, it was found that the third (transverse) portion of the duodenum was compressed by a large vessel causing the obstruction. The vessel involved is most likely to be the:
    inferior mesenteric artery
    superior mesenteric artery
    inferior mesenteric vein
    portal vein
    splenic vein
  31. An ulcer near the pyloroduodenal junction perforated and eroded a large artery immediately posterior to the duodenum. The ligation of the eroded vessel at its origin would LEAST affect the arterial supply to the:
    First part of the duodenum
    Second part of the duodenum
    Greater curvature of the stomach
    Head of the pancreas
    Tail of the pancreas
  32. A patient was diagnosed with pancreatitis due to a reflux of bile into the pancreatic duct caused by a gallstone. The stone is likely to be lodged at the:
    Common bile duct
    Common hepatic duct
    Cystic duct
    Hepatopancreatic ampulla
  33. Regarding the 2nd portion of the duodenum, all are correct EXCEPT:
    It is crossed by the transverse colon.
    It is thin walled and circular folds are absent in its interior.
    It has the opening for the common bile duct and pancreatic duct on its posteromedial wall.
    It is secondarily retroperitoneal.
    It is supplied by both the gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries.
  34. A Kocher manuever dissects in the avascular plane behind which organ that becomes retroperitoneal during rotation of the gut?
    Duodenum
    Kidney
    Spleen
    Suprarenal gland
    Transverse colon
  35. The inferior mesenteric vein usually joins which vein?
    Inferior vena cava
    Left renal
    Portal
    Splenic
    Superior mesenteric
  36. A patient with jaundice was diagnosed with cancer of the head of the pancreas. Which structure was compressed by the tumor?
    Common bile duct
    Common hepatic duct
    Cystic duct
    Left hepatic duct
    Right hepatic duct
  37. The structure that traverses the space between the aorta and first part of the superior mesenteric artery and is vulnerable to the nutcracker-like compression by these two vessels is the:
    Duodenum
    Jejunum
    Pancreas
    Splenic vein
    Transverse colon
  38. A 60-year-old patient who has had a chronic ulcer of the duodenum for many years was admitted to the hospital with signs of a severe internal hemorrhage. The ulcer perforated the posterior wall of the first portion of the duodenum and eroded an artery in that position. The damaged artery was:
    Cystic
    Gastroduodenal
    Hepatic
    Left gastric